Gluck Orfeo ed Euridice
Azione teatrale per musica
Music by Christoph Willibald Gluck (1714-1787)
Libretto by Ranieri de' Calzabigi
Atto d'Orfeo from Le feste d'Apollo (Parma version, 1769)
The Thracian singer Orpheus’s voyage to the Underworld, where his music appeases demons and the God of the Dead, belongs to one of the most popular myths from Grecian Antiquity. Over the centuries, it was celebrated in thousands of books and poems, in paintings, ballets, films, songs and of course operas, with Monteverdi’s L’Orfeo from 1607 considered one of the first examples in this genre. It must be particularly fascinating for any composer to create something for a main character who in the story is actually a singer and when the quality of his music must turn out completely distinct and more beautiful than the rest of the opera.
But the part of this myth that stimulates romantic fantasies in the creative artist’s mind as much as the listener’s is the fact that the motive for undergoing this ordeal was to retrieve a cherished woman. The force of music becomes a symbol for the power of love, which makes humans invincible.
Get to know Gluck’s Orfeo ed Euridice in a semistaged version based on the hugely popular Salzburg production created for our cast! In this form, it has been taken with unheard-of success to more than a dozen European concert halls since November 2024. It is high time, therefore, to share this wonderful experience with you, our home audience.
Les Musiciens du Prince - Monaco
A joyful opening, reminiscent of the marriage of Orpheus and Eurydice, yet a prelude to an immense tragedy. The curtain rises on a funeral, a tragedy whose cause is not explicitly revealed. Orpheus, a luminous hero and beloved child of the Greek Muses, mourns his wife and rebels against the fate that has brutally torn her from him.
What is the point of living if Euridice is no longer by his side? Then Love appears and tells him that in the Underworld, the spirits are not insensitive to the charm of his voice and the sincerity of his feelings. Orpheus may be able to enter the Underworld to appease them and persuade them to return Eurydice to the world of the living. But Love warns him that for this plan to succeed, he was to make a leap of faith: he must never look at Eurydice before he has brought her out of the Underworld. Orpheus swears and, as the first mortal, crosses the threshold of the Underworld, where a crowd of spirits, outraged by this transgression of the natural order of things, try to block his path. Thanks to the gentleness of his song, Orpheus manages to overcome the resistance of the infernal powers and reaches the Elysian Fields, where Eurydice finally appears.
The return, even more demanding than the descent into the realm of the dead, forces Orpheus to confront himself: his inner demons resurface and doubt assails him... Our hero's apparent indifference - the only divine requirement for Eurydice's salvation - worries her, and she gradually turns into a jealous woman, doubting her husband's sincere love. Cursing the gods, fate, and himself, Orpheus commits the irreparable by trying to reason with his beloved. He turns around and seals the fate of Eurydice, who collapses in his arms, and his own. Overwhelmed by this second loss, Orpheus renounces the world of the living and descends back into the realm of the dead, in order to be forever united with the one he loves.
Five facts to discover before the curtain rises
1
In ancient Greece, the lyre, an instrument associated with the great poet and singer Orpheus, was a messenger of the gods. Built by Hermes from a turtle shell and two ox horns, and then presented to Apollo, it allowed poets to receive inspiration and express it through music. In English, the word “lyrical” has its direct origin in the symbolism associated with this instrument.
2
As a poet and singer, the character of Orpheus is a perfect subject for opera. It was this theme that Claudio Monteverdi chose to inaugurate what some consider to be the first opera in history: L'Orfeo, a “favola in musica” (musical fable), premiered in 1608. The title role was given to a baritone.
3
For the creation of Orfeo ed Euridice, the role of Orpheus was given to a castrato, a type of singer who was particularly fashionable in the 18th century and considered to have a more graceful voice, and therefore better suited to embodying the lyrical and poetic ideal of a mythological hero. At the time, practices that would fortunately be banned in the early 20th century allowed castrati, by preventing their voices from breaking, to retain a naturally high vocal range while gaining, in adulthood, exceptional power and breadth. Nowadays, the role of Orpheus is more often given to a mezzo-soprano.
4
Orfeo ed Euridice is a good example of how time can change an opera. First performed in Vienna in 1762, the score was shortened to a single act in the Parma version of 1769, then expanded to include a ballet in the second act in the Paris version of 1774 (dance was very popular in France at the time), before Berlioz modified the work again in 1859 to give the title role to Pauline Viardot, the star mezzo-soprano of her time.
5
It was while listening to another work by Gluck inspired by a Greek myth (Iphigénie en Tauride) that Hector Berlioz made a decision that would change his life: to give up his medical studies and devote himself entirely to music. In a sense, it is thanks to Gluck's genius that another major composer in the history of music was able to emerge.
Conductor
Gianluca Capuano
Projections
D-Wok
Choirmaster
Luca SCACCABAROZZI
Orfeo
Carlo Vistoli
Euridice
Mélissa Petit
Amore
Madison Nonoa
LES MUSICIENS DU PRINCE-MONACO
General Manager
Margherita Rizzi Brignoli
Assistante de production
Mathilde Rollet
Régisseur
Nicolas Payan
Assistant régisseur
Ollivier Ballester
Premiers violons
Enrico CASAZZA (leader)
Diego Moreno CASTELLI
Reyes GALLARDO
Ágnes KERTÉSZ
Muriel QUISTAD
Roberto RUTKAUSKAS
Anaïs SOUCAILLE
Andrea VASSALLE
Seconds violons
Nicolas MAZZOLENI (leader)
Laura CAVAZZUTI
Francesco COLLETTI
Svetlana FOMINA
Gian Andrea GUERRA
Laura SCIPIONI
Elena TELO
Altos
Anne Sophie VAN RIEL (leader)
Emanuele MARCANTE
Massimo PERCIVALDI
Bernadette VERHAGEN
Violoncelles
Antonio Carlo PAPETTI (leader)
Nicola BROVELLI
Candela GOMEZ BONET
Emilie WALLYN
Contrebasses
Roberto FERNÁNDEZ DE LARRINOA (leader)
Clotilde GUYON
Flûtes
Pablo SOSA DEL ROSARIO (leader)
Giulia Barbini
Hautbois
Pier Luigi FABRETTI (leader)
Guido CAMPANA
Basson
Benny AGHASSI (leader)
Cors d’harmonie
Ulrich HÜBNER (leader)
Anton KOCH
Trompettes
Thibaud ROBINNE (leader)
Carlos HENRIQUES CORREIA
Trombones
Seth QUISTAD (leader)
Gunter CARLIER
Charlie MAUSSION
Percussions
Saverio RUFO
Harpe
Marta GRAZIOLINO
Fortepiano
Davide Pozzi
IL CANTO DI ORFEO
Chef de chœur
Luca SCACCABAROZZI
Sopranos
Maria Dalia ALBERTINI
Laura ANDREINI
Caterina IORA
Arianna MICELI
Naoka OHBAYASHI
Contraltos
Paola CIALDELLA
Maria Chiara GALLO
Annalisa Mazzoni
Angela Hyun Jung OH
Elisabetta VUOCOLO
Ténors
Alessandro Baudino
Paolo BORGONOVO
Maurizio Matteo DALENA
Stefano GAMBARINO
Peter GUS
Basses
Cesare COSTAMAGNA
Dario PREVIATO
Luca SCACCABAROZZI
Yiannis VASSILAKIS
Pier Marco VIÑAS
What role does Gluck’s Orfeo ed Euridice play in the history of opera?
It stands in the middle of the tectonic shift between baroque opera and a new, completely different form of classicist music theatre, which established itself so firmly at that time. The multiple versions of this opera also let you understand Gluck’s personal development and the audience’s changing taste: the world premiere in Vienna 1762 was received with little enthusiasm, whereas the Paris version, premiered 12 years later, was a huge success. And finally, its construction, musical language and development of the storyline are so different from Orpheus operas by Monteverdi, Haydn, and others.
Tell us about the castrato Gaetano Guadagni, Gluck’s Orpheus at the world premiere…
He was both an exceptional singer and a gifted actor – a rarity for those days. And a fantastically refined artist: you will hear that Gluck’s music is completely void of elements showing off the singer’s vocal prowess. Expressivity and profundity of feeling are the key to this opera.
What is it like to touch the Gods of the Underworld with your singing?
Haha, thanks for the compliment! But I have not yet found out whether my singing touches any gods… For me, the magical, deeply moving quality of Gluck’s music lies in its simplicity. This is why it strikes us as true and sincere. And don’t forget the orchestra’s part with its melancholic oboe or flute solos, which so wonderfully underline the languishing mood of some scenes, or the urging chords of the harp, which represent the sound of the antique lyra.
What do you think is the secret of the story of Orpheus and Euridice ?
It is so profoundly human to believe, and hope, that love can overcome everything, even death. But it is also interesting to see that all Orpheus operas end in a different way, some happily, some tragically.
Originally, Cupid provides a happy ending, but on this occasion, the story ends tragically. Does this mean that the dream loses its power?
I think that Gluck and Calzabigi simply made a compromise because of their royal audience and its habits. But our performance is based on a staging Christof Loy made for us in Salzburg. There, we decided to let the opera end in a way that seems more fit for a piece of theatre belonging to our time.